FeedChannel feedchannel@feedchannel.online https://www.feedchannel.online en-us Visualplatform http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss FeedChannel episodic no https://www.feedchannel.online/files/rv1.7/sitelogo.gif https://www.feedchannel.online http://www.feedchannel.online/webinar-2-understanding-gut-health-1 <p><b>Speakers: </b>Prof Theo Niewold; Prof Filip Van Immerseel and Dr. Pierre-André Geraert&nbsp;<br><br>Watch more on gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) &amp; share questions and answers during the roundtable.<br><br><p><b><u>Q&amp;A Session held during the live:</u></b></p> <p><b>Q: Are the biomarkers available commercially?</b></p> <p>Lots of biomarkers can be easily measured in analytical labs, however reference values are still missing to help define what is a dysbiosis situation vs a normal one. Scientists are working hard to get such figures and we can expect to have practical and efficient tools in the coming years.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q: Hello Pierre-Andre, Greetings from Venezuela. What are the residual effects of misuse and abuse of AGP and antibiotics in general, in pigs and poultry?</b></p> <p>The world misuse or overuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals has conducted to these antimicrobial resistances that we observed worldwide. In countries with a significant duration of ban on AGP's and more prudent use of antibiotics a clear reduction of antimicrobial resistance has been reported (EFSA reports, 2015-2016).</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q: One of the alternatives you mentioned was herbs, do you think that they can help us to control Clostridium?</b></p> <p>It is important to consider that no one alternative can be considered as the only solution to get rid of Clostridium perfringens. However some solutions such as some Bacillus subtilis can exhibit a specific efficiency on such a pathogen bug. Essential oils and herbs could have some effect on the host to reinforce its resistance as well as on the pathogen by itself. But guaranteeing consistency and delivering to the right level of the intestine are still important issues for those alternatives.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q:&nbsp;Besides improving animal growth and wellbeing, does improving animal gut health help to fight against viral infections?</b></p> <p>Reinforcing the gut health or better speaking the gut wall will improve resistance of the animals to challenges through bacteria, parasites and virus. We have also observed that a mycotoxin challenged gut wall would better resist if there was supplementation with a specific Bacillus subtilis through better gut wall integrity and gut immune system.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q:&nbsp;Can externally supplemented butyrate has the same potency as internally synthesised by bacteria?</b></p> <p>Very interesting question not yet solved by the experts. When giving formulated butyrate to be delivered at the intestinal level the positive effect on the enterocytes and gut mucosa can be observed. However, when influencing the microbiota profile stimulating the butyrate bacteria producers directly or indirectly through the cross feeding would give a localized and dedicated effect with more long term consequences through the rebalancing of the microbiota.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q:&nbsp;I thought organic acids are best alternative for AGP, also most economical one. Is it correct?</b></p> <p>Organic acids can contribute to control microbiotia through both pH reduction and their radicals penetrating into the bacterias. However, they are not specific to any bacteria and might also affect commensal bacteria that could impair performance as observed at high doses or very young animals. Moreover, coating is also important to consider.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q: What is the difference between probiotics and prebiotics? Which kind of alternative will be more developped in the next years according to you?</b></p> <p>Probiotics are live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Conversely, prebiotics are nutritive substrates that are only metabolized by the gut microflora to benefit to the animal performances and health. Scientists are working more to develop nutritional solutions based on combination, such as symbiotics which combine pre and probiotics, to guarantee the efficacy of those alternatives.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/webinar-2-understanding-gut-health-1"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968567/66512100/7a6a135af606fa120120838f03bbf657/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/66512100 Thu, 04 Mar 2021 10:00:39 GMT Webinar #2: Understanding Gut Health in poultry production Speakers: Prof Theo Niewold; Prof Filip Van Immerseel and Dr. Pierre-André GeraertWatch more on gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) share questions and answers during the roundtable.QA Session held during the live: Q: Are the biomarkers available commercially? Lots of biomarkers can be easily measured in analytical labs, however reference values are still missing to help define what is a dysbiosis situation vs a normal one. Scientists are working hard to get such figures and we can expect to have practical and efficient tools in the coming years. Q: Hello Pierre-Andre, Greetings from Venezuela. What are the residual effects of misuse and abuse of AGP and antibiotics in general, in pigs and poultry? The world misuse or overuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals has conducted to these antimicrobial resistances that we observed worldwide. In countries with a significant duration of ban on AGP's and more prudent use of antibiotics a clear reduction of antimicrobial resistance has been reported (EFSA reports, 2015-2016). Q: One of the alternatives you mentioned was herbs, do you think that they can help us to control Clostridium? It is important to consider that no one alternative can be considered as the only solution to get rid of Clostridium perfringens. However some solutions such as some Bacillus subtilis can exhibit a specific efficiency on such a pathogen bug. Essential oils and herbs could have some effect on the host to reinforce its resistance as well as on the pathogen by itself. But guaranteeing consistency and delivering to the right level of the intestine are still important issues for those alternatives. Q:Besides improving animal growth and wellbeing, does improving animal gut health help to fight against viral infections? Reinforcing the gut health or better speaking the gut wall will improve resistance of the animals to challenges through bacteria, parasites and virus. We have also observed that a mycotoxin challenged gut wall would better resist if there was supplementation with a specific Bacillus subtilis through better gut wall integrity and gut immune system. Q:Can externally supplemented butyrate has the same potency as internally synthesised by bacteria? Very interesting question not yet solved by the experts. When giving formulated butyrate to be delivered at the intestinal level the positive effect on the enterocytes and gut mucosa can be observed. However, when influencing the microbiota profile stimulating the butyrate bacteria producers directly or indirectly through the cross feeding would give a localized and dedicated effect with more long term consequences through the rebalancing of the microbiota. Q:I thought organic acids are best alternative for AGP, also most economical one. Is it correct? Organic acids can contribute to control microbiotia through both pH reduction and their radicals penetrating into the bacterias. However, they are not specific to any bacteria and might also affect commensal bacteria that could impair performance as observed at high doses or very young animals. Moreover, coating is also important to consider. Q: What is the difference between probiotics and prebiotics? Which kind of alternative will be more developped in the next years according to you? Probiotics are live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Conversely, prebiotics are nutritive substrates that are only metabolized by the gut microflora to benefit to the animal performances and health. Scientists are working more to develop nutritional solutions based on combination, such as symbiotics which combine pre and probiotics, to guarantee the efficacy of those alternatives. Speakers: Prof Theo Niewold; Prof Filip Van Immerseel and Dr. Pierre-André GeraertWatch more on gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) share questions and answers during the... FeedChannel 50:49 <p><b>Speakers: </b>Prof Theo Niewold; Prof Filip Van Immerseel and Dr. Pierre-André Geraert&nbsp;<br><br>Watch more on gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) &amp; share questions and answers during the roundtable.<br><br><p><b><u>Q&amp;A Session held during the live:</u></b></p> <p><b>Q: Are the biomarkers available commercially?</b></p> <p>Lots of biomarkers can be easily measured in analytical labs, however reference values are still missing to help define what is a dysbiosis situation vs a normal one. Scientists are working hard to get such figures and we can expect to have practical and efficient tools in the coming years.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q: Hello Pierre-Andre, Greetings from Venezuela. What are the residual effects of misuse and abuse of AGP and antibiotics in general, in pigs and poultry?</b></p> <p>The world misuse or overuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals has conducted to these antimicrobial resistances that we observed worldwide. In countries with a significant duration of ban on AGP's and more prudent use of antibiotics a clear reduction of antimicrobial resistance has been reported (EFSA reports, 2015-2016).</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q: One of the alternatives you mentioned was herbs, do you think that they can help us to control Clostridium?</b></p> <p>It is important to consider that no one alternative can be considered as the only solution to get rid of Clostridium perfringens. However some solutions such as some Bacillus subtilis can exhibit a specific efficiency on such a pathogen bug. Essential oils and herbs could have some effect on the host to reinforce its resistance as well as on the pathogen by itself. But guaranteeing consistency and delivering to the right level of the intestine are still important issues for those alternatives.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>Q:&nbsp;Besides improving animal growth and wellbeing, does improving animal gut health help to fight against viral infections?</b></p> <p>Reinforcing the gut health or better speaking the gut wall will improve resistance of the animals to challenges through bacteria, parasites and virus. We have also observed that a mycotoxin challenged gut wall would better resist if there was supplementation with a specific Bacillus subtilis through better gut wall integrity and gut immune system.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q:&nbsp;Can externally supplemented butyrate has the same potency as internally synthesised by bacteria?</b></p> <p>Very interesting question not yet solved by the experts. When giving formulated butyrate to be delivered at the intestinal level the positive effect on the enterocytes and gut mucosa can be observed. However, when influencing the microbiota profile stimulating the butyrate bacteria producers directly or indirectly through the cross feeding would give a localized and dedicated effect with more long term consequences through the rebalancing of the microbiota.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q:&nbsp;I thought organic acids are best alternative for AGP, also most economical one. Is it correct?</b></p> <p>Organic acids can contribute to control microbiotia through both pH reduction and their radicals penetrating into the bacterias. However, they are not specific to any bacteria and might also affect commensal bacteria that could impair performance as observed at high doses or very young animals. Moreover, coating is also important to consider.</p><p><br></p> <p><b>&nbsp;Q: What is the difference between probiotics and prebiotics? Which kind of alternative will be more developped in the next years according to you?</b></p> <p>Probiotics are live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Conversely, prebiotics are nutritive substrates that are only metabolized by the gut microflora to benefit to the animal performances and health. Scientists are working more to develop nutritional solutions based on combination, such as symbiotics which combine pre and probiotics, to guarantee the efficacy of those alternatives.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/webinar-2-understanding-gut-health-1"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968567/66512100/7a6a135af606fa120120838f03bbf657/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> AGP AGP free alternatives to antibiotics antibiotic reduction antibiotics anti-inflammatory alternatives antimicrobial resistance bacteria bacterial interactions beneficial biomarkers butyrate challenge cross feeding gut barrier gut health harmful immunity inflammation microbiota mucin mucosa poultry protein fermentation roundtable toxic compounds Vietnam policy webinar http://www.feedchannel.online/understanding-gut-health-in-poultry-1 <p>Prof Filip van Immerseel and Prof Theo Niewold share their expert insights on Gut Health in poultry production.<br><br><div><b>Webinar #2: Understanding Gut Health in poultry production</b></div><div>Gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) &amp; share questions and answers during the roundtable.</div></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/understanding-gut-health-in-poultry-1"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968559/66512133/22e1011a42859db6f83897da8ca4a69c/standard/download-4-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/66512133 Thu, 04 Mar 2021 09:59:50 GMT Understanding Gut Health in poultry production Roundtable Prof Filip van Immerseel and Prof Theo Niewold share their expert insights on Gut Health in poultry production.Webinar #2: Understanding Gut Health in poultry productionGut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) share questions and answers during the roundtable. Prof Filip van Immerseel and Prof Theo Niewold share their expert insights on Gut Health in poultry production.Webinar #2: Understanding Gut Health in poultry productionGut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation... FeedChannel 16:46 <p>Prof Filip van Immerseel and Prof Theo Niewold share their expert insights on Gut Health in poultry production.<br><br><div><b>Webinar #2: Understanding Gut Health in poultry production</b></div><div>Gut health, from gut microbiota (Prof Filip van Immerseel) to gut inflammation (Prof Theo Niewold) &amp; share questions and answers during the roundtable.</div></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/understanding-gut-health-in-poultry-1"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968559/66512133/22e1011a42859db6f83897da8ca4a69c/standard/download-4-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> AGP AGP free alternatives to antibiotics antibiotic reduction antibiotics bacteria biomarkers challenge gut barrier gut health immunity inflammation microbiota mucin mucosa poultry roundtable webinar http://www.feedchannel.online/from-butyrate-to-gut-protection <p><b>Speaker: </b>Dr Jean-Paul LALLES, Human Division, INRA Rennes, France <br><br>Butyrate stimulates the activity of the important anti-inflammatory alkaline phosphatase: helping to detoxify the bacterial endotoxins among with LPS and flagellin.<br> Inducible Heat Shock Proteins (HSP27 and HSP70) maybe activated under stressful conditions to protect the gut.<br> The endogenous bacteria produced butyrate has been shown to stimulates the iHSP helping the gut. Lastly the role of butyrate as histone deacetylase inhibitor demonstrates its potential on epigenetics.&nbsp;<br><br><br><b>Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Presentation</b></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/from-butyrate-to-gut-protection"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968577/66515787/435bda61a825f3997f514900fbdf5780/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/66515787 Wed, 24 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT From butyrate to gut protection systems and inflammation: molecular and... Speaker: Dr Jean-Paul LALLES, Human Division, INRA Rennes, France Butyrate stimulates the activity of the important anti-inflammatory alkaline phosphatase: helping to detoxify the bacterial endotoxins among with LPS and flagellin. Inducible Heat Shock Proteins (HSP27 and HSP70) maybe activated under stressful conditions to protect the gut. The endogenous bacteria produced butyrate has been shown to stimulates the iHSP helping the gut. Lastly the role of butyrate as histone deacetylase inhibitor demonstrates its potential on epigenetics.Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Presentation Speaker: Dr Jean-Paul LALLES, Human Division, INRA Rennes, France Butyrate stimulates the activity of the important anti-inflammatory alkaline phosphatase: helping to detoxify the bacterial endotoxins among with LPS and flagellin. Inducible Heat... FeedChannel 21:18 <p><b>Speaker: </b>Dr Jean-Paul LALLES, Human Division, INRA Rennes, France <br><br>Butyrate stimulates the activity of the important anti-inflammatory alkaline phosphatase: helping to detoxify the bacterial endotoxins among with LPS and flagellin.<br> Inducible Heat Shock Proteins (HSP27 and HSP70) maybe activated under stressful conditions to protect the gut.<br> The endogenous bacteria produced butyrate has been shown to stimulates the iHSP helping the gut. Lastly the role of butyrate as histone deacetylase inhibitor demonstrates its potential on epigenetics.&nbsp;<br><br><br><b>Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Presentation</b></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/from-butyrate-to-gut-protection"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968577/66515787/435bda61a825f3997f514900fbdf5780/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> advancia academy anti-inflammatory conference epigenetics gut barrier heat shock protein heat stress HSP IAP immune defenses inflammation intestinal alkaline phosphatase metabolites microbiota http://www.feedchannel.online/dr-jean-paul-lalles-highlight-on <p><p>Dr Jean-Paul LALLES gives his highlight on: <b>From butyrate to gut protection systems and inflammation: molecular and functional aspects</b><br><br></p><p>Produced by the endogenous bacteria or supplemented through the diet, butyrate exhibits lots of positive effects on intestinal integrity, gut immune function, regulation of gut-brain axis up to acting on pathogens such as Salmonella.<br></p><p>During this event,&nbsp;worldwide experts explore all potentials of butyrate from endogenous microbiota or dietary supplementation to strengthen health of the animals.<br></p><p><br></p><p><b>Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Highlight</b></p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/dr-jean-paul-lalles-highlight-on"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968576/66515941/f75df27a29eb4281b2b9e2846ef5bc39/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/66515941 Wed, 17 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT Dr Jean-Paul LALLES Highlight on Butyrate Dr Jean-Paul LALLES gives his highlight on: From butyrate to gut protection systems and inflammation: molecular and functional aspectsProduced by the endogenous bacteria or supplemented through the diet, butyrate exhibits lots of positive effects on intestinal integrity, gut immune function, regulation of gut-brain axis up to acting on pathogens such as Salmonella.During this event,worldwide experts explore all potentials of butyrate from endogenous microbiota or dietary supplementation to strengthen health of the animals.Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Highlight Dr Jean-Paul LALLES gives his highlight on: From butyrate to gut protection systems and inflammation: molecular and functional aspectsProduced by the endogenous bacteria or supplemented through the diet, butyrate exhibits lots of positive effects... FeedChannel 02:32 <p><p>Dr Jean-Paul LALLES gives his highlight on: <b>From butyrate to gut protection systems and inflammation: molecular and functional aspects</b><br><br></p><p>Produced by the endogenous bacteria or supplemented through the diet, butyrate exhibits lots of positive effects on intestinal integrity, gut immune function, regulation of gut-brain axis up to acting on pathogens such as Salmonella.<br></p><p>During this event,&nbsp;worldwide experts explore all potentials of butyrate from endogenous microbiota or dietary supplementation to strengthen health of the animals.<br></p><p><br></p><p><b>Advancia Academy 2019- Butyrate: from the Nutrient to the Messenger - Highlight</b></p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/dr-jean-paul-lalles-highlight-on"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968576/66515941/f75df27a29eb4281b2b9e2846ef5bc39/standard/download-5-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> advancia academy gut barrier heat shock proteins HSP IAP inflammation intestinal alkaline phosphatase stress resistance tight junctions http://www.feedchannel.online/microbiota-is-necessary-for-the <p><span><b>Speaker:</b> Prof Bernd KASPERS, Inst Vet Medicine, Univ Munich, Germany<br></span><br><p>The gut immune system (lymphocytes B and C, macrophages, dendritic cells…) is the largest immune tissue in the body and is the first to have to deal with pathogens and other ingested xenobiotics. A diverse and well-developed microbiota is necessary for the development of an efficient immune reaction avoiding inflammation response. But immune system is also involved in controlling intestinal microbiota.</p><p><br></p><div><table><tbody><tr><td><b>&nbsp;</b><b>Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation</b></td></tr></tbody></table></div></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/microbiota-is-necessary-for-the"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968577/69547354/9a5db90b783a5e7a8eacc34798c3014d/standard/download-11-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/69547354 Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT Microbiota is necessary for the development of Immune system Speaker: Prof Bernd KASPERS, Inst Vet Medicine, Univ Munich, GermanyThe gut immune system (lymphocytes B and C, macrophages, dendritic cells…) is the largest immune tissue in the body and is the first to have to deal with pathogens and other ingested xenobiotics. A diverse and well-developed microbiota is necessary for the development of an efficient immune reaction avoiding inflammation response. But immune system is also involved in controlling intestinal microbiota.Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation Speaker: Prof Bernd KASPERS, Inst Vet Medicine, Univ Munich, GermanyThe gut immune system (lymphocytes B and C, macrophages, dendritic cells…) is the largest immune tissue in the body and is the first to have to deal with pathogens and other... FeedChannel 32:53 <p><span><b>Speaker:</b> Prof Bernd KASPERS, Inst Vet Medicine, Univ Munich, Germany<br></span><br><p>The gut immune system (lymphocytes B and C, macrophages, dendritic cells…) is the largest immune tissue in the body and is the first to have to deal with pathogens and other ingested xenobiotics. A diverse and well-developed microbiota is necessary for the development of an efficient immune reaction avoiding inflammation response. But immune system is also involved in controlling intestinal microbiota.</p><p><br></p><div><table><tbody><tr><td><b>&nbsp;</b><b>Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation</b></td></tr></tbody></table></div></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/microbiota-is-necessary-for-the"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968577/69547354/9a5db90b783a5e7a8eacc34798c3014d/standard/download-11-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> adaptive Advancia 2018 antibody bacteria bacterial species B-cells broilers cells Clostridium butyricum cues development E. coli nissle Enterococcus faecium environmental factors extensions gene expression germ free gut barrier homeostasis Ig IgA concentrations IgM immune system immunization immunology inflammation inflammatory response innate interactions Lactobacillus rhamnosus layers macrophages microbiome microbiota mucosal mucus nutrients plasma regulatory t-cells specific antibodies specific-pathogen-free SPF birds http://www.feedchannel.online/prof-bernd-kaspers-presentation <p><b>Speaker: </b>Prof Bernd KASPERS (Univ Munich, Germany), introduces his presentation:<br><br> Microbiota is necessary for the development of Immune system <p><br></p><p><span> <b>Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation Introduction</b></span><br></p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/prof-bernd-kaspers-presentation"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968571/69547365/dde306fc37c09e093be8e94e1f4d9b1f/standard/download-10-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> http://www.feedchannel.online/photo/69547365 Wed, 10 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT Prof Bernd KASPERS presentation introduction Speaker: Prof Bernd KASPERS (Univ Munich, Germany), introduces his presentation: Microbiota is necessary for the development of Immune system Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation Introduction Speaker: Prof Bernd KASPERS (Univ Munich, Germany), introduces his presentation: Microbiota is necessary for the development of Immune system Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation Introduction FeedChannel 01:28 <p><b>Speaker: </b>Prof Bernd KASPERS (Univ Munich, Germany), introduces his presentation:<br><br> Microbiota is necessary for the development of Immune system <p><br></p><p><span> <b>Advancia Academy 2018: Strengthening intestinal frontier: key for performance - Presentation Introduction</b></span><br></p></p><p><a href="http://www.feedchannel.online/prof-bernd-kaspers-presentation"><img src="http://www.feedchannel.online/64968571/69547365/dde306fc37c09e093be8e94e1f4d9b1f/standard/download-10-thumbnail.jpg" width="600" height="338"/></a></p> adaptive Advancia 2018 antibody bacteria bacterial species bactery B-cells broilers cells Clostridium butyricum cues development E. coli nissle Enterococcus faecium environmental factors extensions gene expression germ free gut barrier homeostasis Ig IgA concentrations IgM immune system immunization immunology inflammation inflammatory response innate interactions introducing introduction Lactobacillus rhamnosus layers macrophages microbiota microbium mucosal mucus nutrients plasma regulatory t-cells specific antibodies specific-pathogen-free SPF birds